Teaching+Methodologies

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=== This page will be about techniques and methodologies of teaching, I will use teaching methodology books, theories, online articles, pieces of advice, YouTube videos and/or workshops material etc ... ===

 One of the old methods of teaching is the PPP. This acronym stands for; Presentation, Practice, and Production. A teacher starts by presenting the concept giving examples from real life situations, his experience, a friend, etc... After explanation, students start what is called "controlled practice". At this phase students have not mastered the language yet, so teachers put them in controlled practice situation where s/he can correct their mistakes and guarantee their comprehension of the concept. They may practice giving examples, composing sentences about the concept etc... according to the concept. "Controlled Practice" might involve drilling. Then, students move in freer practice or "Production". In this stage students work in groups, pairs, individual work is not preferred because they have just learned the concept.  "The PPP method is very learning based and takes little account of students' acquisition abilities" (Harmer, 2007).

 Another technique to introduce lessons is: ESA (Engage, Study, Activate).

Engage : the first step in a lesson is to engage students before starting explaining the lesson. That might be done by discussion, story. song, game, etc...  It's the engagement process that will open up students minds and senses to understand and welcome what comes next. They will be able to relate the fun part (engagement process to the explanation part).

Study : it's more than the above mentioned PPP method. It gives students variety of methods to study. The teacher can show students a new pattern of grammar where each element is explained separately or one chunk of rules. However, the teacher can give students examples and then ask them to work out rules. Students are those who discover these rules not the teachers who already know the concept.

Activate : students use language communicatively and freely showing any and all language they know concerning the topic. In this step, students personalize the language they use. students can act out several role plays, design advertisement where they write the slogan and draw a picture about the product, describe and draw; where one student tries to get another to draw a picture without seeing this picture. Writing or reading is not the sole means of using a language. A language can be activated via listening or watching something interesting related to the target language or the concept which has just been tackled.

 ESA can be followed through different sequences. Below is an attached word document explaining the different ways.

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